Imizigo yo mu muhanda

Imizigo yo mu muhanda ni ukugenda kw'ibicuruzwa biva ahantu hamwe bijya ahandi kumuhanda. Gutwara umuhanda nabyo bisaba ishoramari rito cyane kandi imihanda ihendutse kubaka, gukora no kubungabunga kuruta gari ya moshi. Ubwoko butandukanye bwamakamyo bwujuje ibikenerwa ninganda zitandukanye zo gutwara ibicuruzwa kwisi yose.

Ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda (buzwi kandi ku gutwara abantu ku butaka) bufite ibyiza byinshi mu bikoresho byo gutwara abantu n'ibintu:

BIKURIKIRA:

Ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda burashobora guhita bugana iyo bugana, bitabujijwe ninzira zihamye zuburyo bwo gutwara abantu nka gari ya moshi nindege, kandi birakwiriye gutwara intera ndende na hagati na hagati na kure. Irashobora kandi guhindura inzira inzira kugirango wirinde ubwinshi bwimodoka cyangwa gutabara byihutirwa.

UMURIMO W'UMURYANGO:

Ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda butanga 'inzu ku nzu ' serivisi, igabanya imiyoboro yo gupakurura no gupakurura, igabanya ibyago byo kwangiriza imizigo, no kunoza imikorere yubwikorezi.

BIKURIKIRA GUKURIKIRA:

Ugereranije no gutwara indege, ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda nubukungu cyane cyane ubwikorezi buke. Ntabwo isaba ibikorwa remezo bigoye kandi ifite amafaranga make yo kubungabunga.

BIKURIKIRA GUKURIKIRA:

Ugereranije no gutwara indege, ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda nubukungu cyane cyane ubwikorezi buke. Ntabwo isaba ibikorwa remezo bigoye kandi ifite amafaranga make yo kubungabunga.

KUBONA:

Gutwara umuhanda bikwiranye nubwoko bwose bwimizigo, harimo ibicuruzwa byoroshye, ibicuruzwa biteje akaga, ibicuruzwa bikonjesha, nibindi.

Umuvuduko:

Kubijyanye no gutwara intera ngufi, ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda nuburyo bwihuta kandi burashobora gusubiza vuba kubikenewe byabakiriya, cyane cyane mubihe byoroshye.

UKWEMERWA:

Umuyoboro wo gutwara abantu ni munini kandi urashobora kugera ahantu hose hatuwe, bigafasha gutwara ibicuruzwa ahantu hitaruye bitagerwaho nubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu.

UBUNTU BUKURIKIRA:

Bitewe nubworoherane bwubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda, ubwikorezi buri hejuru, bukwiranye cyane nubucuruzi busaba ubwikorezi buto-buke.

IGIHE CY'UBUSHINWA-EUROPE MU GIHE CY'UBUNTU

Igihe bifata cyo kohereza mumihanda ijya muburayi biterwa nibintu bimwe na bimwe, nkinkomoko, aho ujya, inzira yo kohereza, ubwoko bwimizigo, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa. Hano hepfo ni igihe cyagenwe cyoherezwa mumihanda iva mubushinwa ijya mu turere twinshi two mu Burayi:

Ubushinwa kugera mu Burayi bwo hagati

Kohereza umuhanda mubihugu byuburayi bwiburasirazuba (nk'Uburusiya na Hongiriya) mubisanzwe bifata iminsi 13-18. Ugereranije n'Uburayi bwo hagati, intera irihafi gato, kandi inzira ya gasutamo no kohereza ibicuruzwa biroroshye.

Ubushinwa mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba

Kohereza umuhanda mubihugu byuburayi bwiburasirazuba (nkUburusiya na Hongiriya) mubisanzwe bifata iminsi 13-18. Ugereranije n'Uburayi bwo hagati, intera irihafi gato, kandi inzira ya gasutamo no kohereza ibicuruzwa biroroshye.

Ubushinwa mu Burayi bw'i Burengerazuba

Kohereza umuhanda mu bihugu by’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba (nk'Ubufaransa, Ubuholandi, Ububiligi, n'ibindi) ubusanzwe bifata igihe gito, nk'iminsi 23-27, kubera ko bigomba kunyura mu bihugu byinshi n'imipaka.

UMUHANDA MPUZAMAHANGA W'UBUNTU

Igiciro cyo kohereza mumihanda cyatewe nibintu byinshi, harimo ibintu byingenzi bikurikira:

Intera yo gutwara abantu:

Umubare wa kilometero zitwarwa nicyo kintu nyamukuru kigena igiciro. Intera ndende, niko igiciro cya lisansi, gufata neza ibinyabiziga, amafaranga yo gutwara, nibindi, bigatuma ibiciro byubwikorezi byiyongera.

Ubwoko bw'imizigo:

Imiterere yimizigo igira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro. Kurugero, imizigo yoroshye, iteje akaga, cyangwa ikonjesha akenshi isaba gufata ibikoresho bidasanzwe, byongera ikiguzi cyo kohereza.

Uburemere bw'imizigo n'ubunini:

Uburemere nubunini bwimizigo bigena ubwoko numubare wibinyabiziga bikenerwa mu gutwara. Imizigo iremereye cyangwa irenze urugero irashobora gusaba impushya zidasanzwe cyangwa ibinyabiziga bidasanzwe, bishobora kongera amafaranga yo gutwara.

Igiciro cya lisansi:

Igiciro cya lisansi nikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kubiciro byo gutwara abantu. Ihindagurika ryibiciro bya lisansi bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ibiciro byubwikorezi, cyane cyane mu gutwara intera ndende.

Amahoro n'imisoro:

Ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga bwo mumuhanda burimo gutwara imipaka. Amahoro, imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga, umusoro ku nyongeragaciro n’indi misoro bizagira ingaruka ku giciro cyo gutwara abantu.

Amafaranga yishyurwa n'ikiraro:

Mu bihugu cyangwa uturere tumwe na tumwe, ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda busaba kwishyura imisoro, amafaranga y’ikiraro cyangwa imisoro ya tunnel, nayo izashyirwa mu kiguzi cyose cyo gutwara.

Imipaka na gasutamo:

Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga birimo kugenzura imipaka n’uburyo bwo gukuraho gasutamo, bishobora kongera amafaranga y’inyongera nk’amafaranga yo gutumiza gasutamo, amafaranga yo gutunganya inyandiko, n’amafaranga yo gutinda.

Igihe cyo kohereza ibisabwa:

Niba umukiriya afite ubwikorezi bwihutirwa kandi akeneye gutanga byihuse cyangwa byihuse, igiciro gishobora kwiyongera.

Ibihe:

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe cyangwa ibiruhuko, kongera ubwikorezi cyangwa ibihe bibi byikirere bishobora gutuma ibiciro byubwikorezi byiyongera.

Amafaranga yubwishingizi:

Kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zishobora guterwa mugihe cyo gutwara abantu, abatwara ibicuruzwa benshi bazahitamo kugura ubwishingizi bwubwikorezi, kandi amafaranga yubwishingizi nayo ari mubice byubwikorezi.

Kuboneka kw'ibinyabiziga n'abashoferi:

Mugihe cyubwikorezi bwo hejuru, itangwa nibisabwa byimodoka nabashoferi birashobora gutera ihindagurika ryibiciro. Ibura ry'abashoferi cyangwa ingorane zo kohereza ibinyabiziga
bizongera ibiciro.

IBISABWA KUBURYO BWO GUTWARA INZIRA

Ingano isabwa mu gutwara abantu n’imihanda iratandukanye bitewe nigihugu, uturere nubwoko bwimodoka zitwara abantu, ariko muri rusange hariho amahame shingiro nimbogamizi:

Ingano yimodoka

Uburebure bw'ikinyabiziga:

Mubisanzwe ntibirenza m 16.5 (54 ft) kugeza kuri 18,75 m (61.5 ft). Ibi birimo uburebure bwikamyo hamwe na romoruki. Ubugari bwibinyabiziga: Mubisanzwe bigarukira kuri m 2,55 (8.37 ft). Niba ibicuruzwa bigomba gukonjeshwa, ubugari bwikinyabiziga gikonjesha gifite insulasiyo gishobora kwagurwa kuri m 2,60 (8.53 ft).

Uburebure bw'imodoka:

Ibihugu byinshi bigarukira kuri metero 4 (metero 13,12), ariko bimwe byemerera ibinyabiziga birebire. Imizigo irenze urugero irashobora gusaba uruhushya rwihariye.

Ingano yimizigo

Ingano ya pallet isanzwe: 1200mm × 800mm (Euro pallet), Amerika ya ruguru ni 1200mm × 1000mm. Gutwara imizigo yuzuye mubisanzwe bisaba intera yumutekano mukamyo.Ubunini bwa kontineri: ubunini busanzwe ni metero 20 (metero 6.1) na metero 40 (metero 12.2). Uburebure bwa kontineri muri rusange ni metero 8,5 (metero 2,59) cyangwa metero 9.5 (metero 2.89, kabine ndende).

Imizigo irenze

Niba ingano cyangwa uburemere bwimizigo irenze amafaranga asanzwe, mubisanzwe bifatwa 'imizigo minini '. Gutwara ubu bwoko bw'imizigo bisaba gahunda zidasanzwe zo gutwara no gutanga impushya, zishobora kuba zirimo: Imodoka zidasanzwe: nka romoruki ntoya cyangwa romoruki yagutse.

Gutegura inzira:

Irinde ibiraro bito, umuhanda muto cyangwa ibindi bice bitanyura mumihanda.

Serivisi yo guherekeza ：

Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, gutwara imizigo minini birashobora gusaba imodoka yoherekeza kugirango umutekano ubeho.

Kugabanya ibiro ：

Imipaka imwe yumutwaro ntarengwa: Mubusanzwe hariho imipaka kuburemere ntarengwa buremereye kuri buri murongo, biterwa nubushobozi bwumutwaro wumuhanda nubwoko bwimodoka. Ubusanzwe ni hagati ya toni 8 na 12. Uburemere burenze urugero: Uburemere rusange bwikamyo (harimo imizigo, lisansi, umushoferi, nibindi) mubisanzwe ntibirenza toni 40 kugeza kuri 44, ariko mubihugu bimwe cyangwa mubihe bimwe na bimwe, biremewe uburemere bukabije.

Amategeko n'amahame ：

Ibihugu n’uturere bitandukanye birashobora kugira amategeko n’ibipimo byabyo, byerekana amabwiriza arambuye ku bipimo by’imodoka, ibipimo by’imizigo, uburemere, n’ibindi. Urugero, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi ufite amabwiriza amwe, ariko ibihugu bigize uyu muryango bishobora kugira itandukaniro rito. Mbere yo koherezwa, ni ngombwa kumva no kubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye yigihugu ujya.