Ukuthumela ngenqanawe eLwandle

Kule mihla, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo wolwandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imithwalo yolwandle yahlulwe ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo:

FCL (Umthwalo ogcweleyo wesikhongozeli)

I-FCL imele 'Umthwalo ogcweleyo wesikhongozelo,' esibhekisa kwisikhongozeli esinye sokuthumela esigcinwe kuphela ngumthumeli wempahla yakhe. Oku kuthetha ukuba umthumeli akufuneki abelane ngesitya kunye nempahla evela kwabanye abathumeli. Olu lungiselelo lomeleza ukhuseleko kwaye lwenza lula ulawulo lolungiselelo lolwandle. Iinzuzo zokusebenzisa imithwalo egcweleyo yesikhongozeli ziquka umngcipheko oncitshisiweyo womonakalo okanye ilahleko kunye namaxesha amafutshane okuhamba, njengoko iintambo zokuthutha zigcina ulawulo olupheleleyo phezu kwayo yonke imithwalo.

LCL (Ngaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli)

Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kubhekiselele kumthwalo othatha kuphela inxalenye yesikhongozeli sonke kwaye uhanjiswe kwisikhongozelo esifanayo kunye nomnye umthwalo ovela kwabanye abahambisi, njengoko ubukhulu bomthwalo bungafuni indawo eninzi. Impahla encinci efuna ukuthunyelwa kwezoqoqosho kwaye ineemfuno zexesha eliphantsi ingathunyelwa kwiibhokisi ze-LCL.

I-RORO (inqanawa ye-RoRo)

Inqanawa yeRoRo sisishunqulelo se-ROLL-ON/ROLL-OFF. Isetyenziselwa ngokukhethekileyo izithuthi zabakhweli, iilori ze-semi-trailer kunye neekhareji zikaloliwe. Izithuthi ezinamavili zinokulayishwa ngqo okanye zothulwe enqanaweni ngaphandle kokufakwa kwizikhongozeli.

Dry Cargo

Abahambisi bempahla basebenzisa iinqanawa ukuthutha iimpahla ezithile, ezifana neenkozo, amalahle kunye nentsimbi ekrwada, engaqhelekanga ukuthuthwa kwimigqomo emininzi.

Umthwalo omninzi

Abahambisi bempahla basebenzisa iinqanawa ukuthutha imithwalo ethile, efana nemiqadi yentsimbi kunye neminye imithwalo emikhulu yesiko, engafanelekanga ukuthuthwa kwimigqomo emininzi.

Ocean Shipping inzuzo

IXABISO ELIPHANTSI:

Xa kuthelekiswa nothutho lomoya, uthutho lolwandle luneendleko zothutho eziphantsi kwaye lufaneleke ngokukodwa ukuthuthwa komgama omde wemithamo emikhulu kunye nempahla enzima, ngoko kunenzuzo enkulu yeendleko kurhwebo lwehlabathi.

ISIXHOBO ESIKHULU SOKUTHWALA:

Umthamo wokuthwala iinqanawa zaselwandle uyodlula kude lowo wezinye iindlela zothutho, kwaye zinokuthutha iimpahla ezinkulu nezixa ezikhulu zemveliso ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yomthamo wempahla kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

UKUSEBENZA NGOKUBANZI:

I-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia: idla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezi-3-5.

KuMbindi Mpuma: ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iintsuku ezi-5-12.

Ilizwekazi laseIndiya: ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iintsuku ezi-3-7.

Ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa elwandle kunokuthutha phantse naluphi na uhlobo lomthwalo, kubandakanywa ulwelo, imithwalo eninzi, imithwalo yemithwalo, njl.

INDAWO INTLE:

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zothutho, ukuthutha elwandle kunokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni encinci kunye nokusebenza kwamandla aphezulu, ngoko ke kunempembelelo encinci kwindalo kwaye ihambelana ngakumbi neemfuno zophuhliso oluzinzileyo.

Ixesha lokuthumela i-Ocean ukusuka e-china ukuya kumazwekazi ahlukeneyo

Ixesha elithathwayo ukuhambisa inqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazwekazi ahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwindawo yezibuko ekuyiwa kuyo, ukukhetha indlela, iimeko zonyaka, njl. Oku kulandelayo ngamaxesha aqikelelwayo okuthunyelwa kwenqanawa ukusuka kumazibuko amakhulu aseTshayina (afana neShenzhen, iShanghai, iNingbo, njl. njl.) ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu kumazwekazi ahlukeneyo:

1. EAsia:

Amazwe aseMzantsi-mpuma Asia: malunga neentsuku ze-5-12

Amazwe aseMpuma Asia: malunga neentsuku ezi-3-7

Amazwe aseMzantsi Asia: malunga neentsuku ze-10-20

2. UMntla Melika:

Amazibuko aseWest Coast (afana neLos Angeles, Vancouver): malunga neentsuku ze-15-25

kumazibuko East Coast (ezifana New York, Savannah): malunga 25-40 iintsuku

Gulf of Mexico amazibuko (ezifana Houston): malunga 22-35 iintsuku

3. UMzantsi Melika:

Amazibuko aseMpuma (afana neSantos, eBrazil, eBuenos Aires, eArgentina): malunga neentsuku ze-30-45

Amazibuko aseWest Coast (afana neCallao, ePeru, eValparaiso, eChile): malunga neentsuku ezingama-25-40

4. IYurophu:

Amazibuko akuMntla Yurophu (afana neHamburg, eJamani, eRotterdam, eNetherlands): malunga neentsuku ezingama-25-35

Izibuko zeMeditera (ezifana neGenoa, Italy, Barcelona, ​​Spain): malunga neentsuku ze-20-30

5. Afrika:

Amazibuko aseMntla Afrika (afana neAlexandria eYiputa, eCasablanca eMorocco): malunga neentsuku ze-20-30

Izibuko zaseNtshona Afrika (ezifana neLagos eNigeria): malunga neentsuku ze-30-45

Amazibuko aseMzantsi Afrika (afana neDurban, eKapa): malunga neentsuku ezingama-25-35

Amazibuko aseMpuma Afrika (afana neMombasa eKenya, eDar es Salaam eTanzania): malunga neentsuku ze-20-35

6. Oceania:

Australia (ezifana Sydney, Melbourne): malunga 15-25 iintsuku

ENew Zealand (njengeAuckland): malunga neentsuku ezingama-20-30

La maxesha aqikelelwa kwizibuko eliqhelekileyo ukuya kwixesha lezibuko kwaye akabandakanyi amaxesha ongezelelweyo okukhutshwa kwempahla, uthutho lwangaphakathi emhlabeni, njl.

Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela ixabiso lokuthumela ngenqanawa elwandle?

Amaxabiso othutho elwandle achatshazelwa yimiba emininzi, ezi zilandelayo zezona zinto ziphambili:

1. Iindlela kunye neendawo:

Amaxabiso othutho ahluka kakhulu phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo. Iindlela ezihamba umgama omde okanye izibuko ezikude zidla ngokubiza ngaphezulu.

2. Amaxabiso amafutha:

I-Fuel yenye yeendleko eziphambili zokusebenza kwenqanawa, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso amafutha kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amaxabiso okuthutha elwandle.

3. Uhlobo lomthwalo:

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo (ezifana nomthwalo jikelele, iimpahla ezinobungozi, imithwalo efakwe efrijini) zinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yothutho. Impahla eyingozi kunye nemithwalo efuna ukuphathwa okukhethekileyo kubiza ngaphezulu.

4. Ubunzima bomthwalo kunye nomthamo:

Amaxabiso othutho adla ngokubalwa ngokusekelwe kubunzima (iitoni) okanye umthamo (icubic metres) zomthwalo, kunye neendleko zomthwalo onzima okanye ezinkulu.

5. Uhlobo lwesikhongozeli kunye nobukhulu:

Ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezikhongozeli (ezifana ne-20-foot, 40-foot-container standard, okanye izitya ezifakwe efrijini) kuya kubangela iindleko ezahlukeneyo. Izikhongozeli ezinkulu okanye ezikhethekileyo zibiza ngaphezulu.

6. Imiba yexesha lonyaka:

Amaxabiso othutho olwandle angatshintsha ngexesha lonyaka. Amazinga othutho adla ngokunyuka ngamaxesha onyaka aphezulu (afana neeholide kunye namaxesha okuthunyelwa kwemveliso yezolimo kwamanye amazwe), ngelixa ehle ngexesha lonyaka ongekhoyo.

7. Iintlawulo zezibuko:

Amazibuko ahlukeneyo aneentlawulo ezahlukeneyo zokulayishwa kunye nokukhulula, iimali zezibuko, njl., eziya kuchaphazela kwakhona imithwalo epheleleyo. Amanye amazibuko aneendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, ngoko ke iindleko zokuthumela nazo ziphezulu.

8. Ubonelelo kunye nemfuno kwimarike yomthwalo:

Unikezelo kunye nemfuno inefuthe elithe ngqo kumaxabiso okuthutha. Xa imfuno iphezulu kwaye umthamo uqinile, amazinga okuthutha ayenyuka; ngokuchaseneyo, xa imfuno iphantsi, amazinga omthwalo ehla.

9. Isicwangciso sexabiso lenkampani yokuthumela:

Iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa zinokuba nezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zokubeka amaxabiso, nto leyo eya kubangela amaxabiso othutho ahlukeneyo.

10. Ukuguquguquka kwezinga lotshintshiselwano:

Iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawe zikholisa ukwenziwa ngeedola zaseMelika, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lokutshintshiselana kuya kuchaphazela iindleko zothutho kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

11. Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo:

Kwezinye iimeko, iinkampani zokuthumela iinqanawa zinokubiza iindleko ezongezelelweyo, ezifana ne-fuel surcharge (BAF), i-peak season surcharge (PSS), iintlawulo zokuxinana kwe-port, njl., Okuya kwandisa ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokuthumela.

12. Imigaqo-nkqubo nemigaqo:

Imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, imimiselo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe okanye uhlengahlengiso lwamaxabiso lusenokuchaphazela iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa, njengentlawulo eyongezelelekileyo yesulfure ephantsi ebangelwa yimithetho yokusingqongileyo.

Ezi zinto zisebenzisana enye kwenye kwaye zimisela ngokudibeneyo ixabiso lokugqibela lothutho lolwandle. Xa uqhuba urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqonda le miba kuya kukunceda ukuba uqikelele ngcono kwaye ulawule iindleko zothutho.Ungacela isaphulelo sempahla yolwandle yasimahla ngoku ukuze ufumane malunga neendleko zothutho lolwandle.

Zeziphi iimpahla ezifanelekileyo kuthutho elwandle?

UMTHETHO ONZIMA

Njengoomatshini kunye nezixhobo, izithuthi ezinkulu, kunye nezinto zokwakha. Izithuthi zolwandle zinezithintelo ezimbalwa kubunzima kunye nomthamo, nto leyo eyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokuthutha ezi mpahla.

IXABISO ELIPHANTSI OKANYE ELIPHEZULU-UMLINGANISO-Impahla

Umzekelo, izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ezinexabiso eliphantsi njengesinyithi, iinkuni, kunye nephepha, ixabiso eliphantsi lothutho lwaselwandle lunokunceda ukonga iindleko zolungiselelo.

UMTHETHO WEPROJEKTHI

Izixhobo zobunjineli, iiseti ezipheleleyo zezixhobo, ii-injini zomoya, njl., imithwalo yeprojekthi enkulu efuna ukuphathwa okukhethekileyo, ukuthuthwa kolwandle kunika izisombululo zokuthutha eziguquguqukayo.

IIMPAHLA EZIYINGOZI

Njengeekhemikhali, iigesi ezinolwelo, izinto ezinokutsha, njl. njl., ukuthuthwa kolwandle kubonelela ngeenqanawa ezikhethekileyo kunye nezikhongozeli zokuthutha ngokukhuselekileyo ezi mpahla.

Zeziphi iimfuno zobungakanani boShishino lwaseLwandle?

Iimfuno zobungakanani bomthwalo wolwandle zixhomekeke ikakhulu kuhlobo lwesikhongozeli esisetyenzisiweyo, indlela umthwalo opakishwa ngayo, kunye nomthamo womthwalo wenqanawa. Nazi ezinye iintlobo zeekhonteyina eziqhelekileyo kunye neemfuno zabo zobungakanani obuhambelanayo:

1. Isitya esomileyo

20ft isikhongozeli:

Imilinganiselo yangaphakathi: 5.9m ubude x 2.35m ububanzi x 2.39m ukuphakama

Umthamo: malunga ne-33 cubic metres

Ubuninzi bomthwalo: malunga neetoni ezingama-28

40ft isikhongozeli:

Imilinganiselo yangaphakathi: 12.03m ubude x 2.35m ububanzi x 2.39m ukuphakama

Umthamo: malunga ne-67 cubic metres

Ubuninzi bomthwalo: malunga neetoni ezingama-26.5

2. High Cube Container

40ft High Cube:

Imilinganiselo yangaphakathi: 12.03m ubude x 2.35m ububanzi x 2.69m ukuphakama

Umthamo: malunga ne-76 cubic metres

Umthamo omkhulu womthwalo: malunga neetoni ezingama-26.5

3. Vula Isingxobo esiPhezulu

Isetyenziselwa ukulayisha imithwalo ephezulu kunesikhongozeli esiqhelekileyo. Ayinaso isigqubuthelo esiphezulu esisisigxina kwaye sinokulayishwa ngokuphakamisa.

Imilinganiselo yangaphakathi ye-20-foot kunye ne-40-foot open containers ifana neyomgangatho ohambelanayo, kodwa ukuphakama kunokuba mkhulu.

4. Isingxobo seRakhi esisicaba

Ifanele imithwalo engaphezulu, ephezulu okanye engaqhelekanga, njengoomatshini kunye nezixhobo, izithuthi ezinkulu, njl.

Ububanzi be-20-foot kunye ne-40-foot foot rack rack containers bufana ne-container standard, kodwa akukho zindonga zecala ezisisigxina kunye namacwecwe aphezulu, kwaye ubude kunye nobubanzi bunokugqithisa kancinane imida yezikhongozeli eziqhelekileyo.

5. Isikhongozelo esikhenkcezisiweyo (uReefer)

Isetyenziselwa imithwalo efuna ulawulo lobushushu, kwaye isithuba sangaphakathi sincinci kuneso singxobo esiqhelekileyo.

I-20-foot yesikhongozeli esifakwe efrijini:

Imilinganiselo yangaphakathi: 5.44m ubude x 2.29m ububanzi x 2.27m ukuphakama

Umthamo: malunga ne-28 cubic metres

I-40-foot yesikhongozeli esifakwe efrijini:

Imilinganiselo yangaphakathi: 11.58m ubude x 2.29m ububanzi x 2.27m ukuphakama

Umthamo: malunga ne-58 cubic metres

6. Umthwalo ogqithisiweyo

Kumthwalo ogqithisa ubungakanani besikhongozeli esiqhelekileyo, izikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo (ezifana nezikhongozeli ezine-flatbed) okanye izinto zothutho ezingenasingxobo ziyafuneka. Lo mthwalo udla ngokufuna izibhengezo ezikhethekileyo kunye neemvume kwaye unokujongana neentlawulo ezongezelelweyo.

Iingqwalasela eziphambili:

Ubude, ububanzi kunye nobude bomthwalo kufuneka bube phakathi kwemilinganiselo yangaphakathi yesikhongozeli esikhethiweyo. Umthwalo omde owongezelelekileyo, ubanzi kakhulu okanye uphezulu kakhulu unokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo.

Ke ngoko, ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuqonda ubungakanani kunye nobunzima bomthwalo kunye nokukhetha uhlobo lwesikhongozeli esifanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthwa kolwandle okugudileyo.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kweLCL kunye neFCL ekuthumeleni? Ndingazikhetha njani i-LCL okanye i-FCL?

Kwi-Ocean Shipping, i-LCL (Ngaphantsi koMthwalo we-Container) kunye ne-FCL (i-Full Container Load) ziindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokuthutha, ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zothutho lwemithwalo eyahlukeneyo yempahla.

1. Ingcaciso

I-LCL (Ngaphantsi Komthwalo Webhokisi)
Ibhekisa kwimeko apho umthwalo ulayishwa kunye nomthwalo wabanye abathengi kwisikhongozeli esinye xa umthamo wempahla unganelanga ukuzalisa isikhongozeli.

I-FCL (Umthwalo ogcweleyo wesikhongozelo)
Ibhekisa kwimeko apho umnini wempahla enomgqomo kuphela kwaye kungafuneki ukuba axutywe nomthwalo wabanye abathengi.

2. Iimeko ezisebenzayo

I-LCL
Isebenza kwimpahla encinci okanye esasazekileyo, ngakumbi amashishini amancinci naphakathi okanye abathengi abaneemfuno zothutho eziphantsi.

I-FCL
Isebenza kumthwalo omninzi, kumthwalo oxabisekileyo okanye kwimpahla efuna uthutho olukhethekileyo, njengeemveliso ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokusingqongileyo okanye zokhuseleko.

3. Iindleko

Ukuhanjiswa kwe -LCL
kubalwa ngevolumu (i-cubic metres, i-CBM) okanye ubunzima, kunye neendleko zabelwana ngazo phakathi kwabathengi abaninzi, abafanele ukuthuthwa kwevolumu encinci.

I-FCL
Umthwalo ubalwa ngesikhongozeli. Nangona umrhumo wexesha elinye uphezulu, uneendleko eziphezulu kwiimpahla ezininzi.

4. Inkqubo yokusebenza

I-LCL
Impahla kufuneka ithunyelwe kwi-warehouse ye-LCL ize ihlanganiswe ngumthumeli wempahla.
Ukuhlela kuyafuneka emva kokothula kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, nto leyo enokuthatha ixesha elide.

I-FCL
Umnini ulungelelanisa ngokuthe ngqo yonke into yokuthuthwa kweekhonteyina, kwaye ukulayishwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuphezulu.
Akukho kuhlelwa kuyadingeka, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuthunyelwa kakubi okanye umonakalo wempahla ngexesha lokuthutha.

5. Ukhuseleko lwempahla

LCL
Ngenxa yokuxuba kunye nezinye iimpahla, kunokubakho umngcipheko wokungcoliseka okanye umonakalo wempahla.
Kukho iimfuno eziphezulu zokupakishwa kwempahla kunye nokukhusela.

Iimpahla ze -FCL
zigcinwa ngokwahlukeneyo, kunye nemingcipheko ephantsi kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu.

6. Iimfuno zexesha

I-LCL
Idla ngokufuna i-LCL eyongezelelweyo kunye nexesha lokuhlela, kwaye ixesha lokuthutha lilonke linokuba lide.

Ukuthutha okuthe ngqo kwe-FCL
emva kokupakisha, ixesha lilawuleka ngakumbi, lilungele iimpahla ezineemfuno eziphezulu zexesha.

7. Ukuba bhetyebhetye

I-LCL
Ifanelekile ukuthutha umthamo omncinci, ukuhanjiswa kweemfuno, kunye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu.

I-FCL
Ifanelekile ukuthutha rhoqo umthamo omkhulu, icwangciswe ngakumbi.

Ukuba i-LCL okanye i-FCL i-chaose ixhomekeke ikakhulu kubuninzi bempahla, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lothutho kunye neemfuno zexesha. Ukuba ubungakanani bempahla alanelanga ukuzalisa isitya, i-LCL inokukhethwa; ukuba ubungakanani bempahla bukhulu okanye kukho iimfuno eziphezulu zokhuseleko lwempahla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kothutho, i-FCL ifanelekile ngakumbi.

Unokukhetha njani izibuko lokuthumela elwandle laseChina?

Xa ukhetha izibuko elikhulu eTshayina, kufuneka uqwalasele izinto ezininzi ukuze uqinisekise ukuba izibuko linokufikelela kwiimfuno zakho zolungiselelo. Nazi ezinye izinto eziphambili zokuqwalaselwa xa ukhetha izibuko elikhulu eTshayina:

Umthwalo ofakwe kwikhonteyina: Amazibuko afana neShanghai, iShenzhen, kunye neNingbo ziindawo ezibalulekileyo zomthwalo ofakwe kwiibhokisi.

1. Uhlobo lwempahla kunye nendawo oya kuyo

Umthwalo omninzi: Amazibuko afana neQingdao, iTianjin, kunye neGuangzhou anobuchule obungakumbi bokuphatha imithwalo eninzi.

Impahla ekhenkcezisiweyo: IShanghai, iShenzhen, kunye neNingbo zinezixhobo eziqhubela phambili zolungiselelo lwekhonkco elibandayo.

Indawo yokufikela:

Ukukhetha izibuko elikufutshane nemarike enkulu okanye indawo yokugqibela enokunciphisa ixesha lokuthutha kunye neendleko. Umzekelo, i-Guangzhou okanye i-Xiamen Port ingakhethwa ukuba ithunyelwe ngaphandle kwiimarike zase-Asia-mpuma.

2. Izibonelelo zezibuko kunye neenkonzo

Izibonelelo kunye neZakhono:
IZibonelelo zale mihla: izibuko ezinezixhobo zokulayisha eziphambili kunye neziseko zophuhliso, njengeShanghai kunye neShenzhen.
Ubunakho bokugcina impahla: Amazibuko afana neNingbo kunye neQingdao abonelela ngeenkonzo ezibanzi zokugcina iimpahla.

Umda weNkonzo:
IiNkonzo ezoNgeziweyo kwiXabiso: Qinisekisa ukuba izibuko libonelela ngeenkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nenkxaso yokufakwa efrijini kunye nolungiselelo.
UCwangciso lweCustoms: Iinkonzo ezisebenzayo kunye neenkonzo zokuhlola zinciphisa ixesha lokuvalelwa kwempahla.

3. Iindlela kunye neenkampani zokuthumela

Uthungelwano lweNdlela:
Iindlela zamazwe ngamazwe: Amazibuko amakhulu afana neShanghai, iShenzhen, kunye neNingbo zibonelela ngoqhagamshelwano olubanzi lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neenkonzo ezithe ngqo.
Umthamo woThutho: Izibuko ezinothungelwano oluluqilima lothutho lukhulisa ulungiselelo.

Iinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa:
Ukusebenzisana neenkampani ezinkulu zokuthumela ngenqanawa kuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwangexesha. Ukuqonda izibuko kunye nentsebenziswano yenkampani yokuthumela inqanawa kunceda ekukhetheni elona zibuko libalaseleyo.

4. Iindleko zothutho

Imirhumo yezibuko: Umahluko kwimirhumo yezibuko, umrhumo wokulayishwa kunye nowothula, njl. njl. unokuchaphazela iindleko zothutho zizonke. Ukukhetha izibuko elinemirhumo efanelekileyo kunokunciphisa iindleko.

Uthutho lwangaphakathi: Iindleko zothutho lwangaphakathi elizweni ukusuka kwizibuko ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Amazibuko akufutshane nemithambo emikhulu yendlela anokunciphisa iindleko zothutho lwangaphakathi.

5. Ubuchule bokuhamba kunye nokususwa kwezithethe

Ukusebenza kakuhle kokucocwa kweCustoms: Ukukhetha izibuko elinobunkunkqele obuphezulu bokukhutshwa kwezithethe kunokunciphisa ixesha lokucocwa kwamasiko neendleko. Isantya sococeko kunye nenkqubo yezibuko ibalulekile kuthutho lwempahla.

Inkxaso yolungiselelo: Qonda izibonelelo ezixhasa ulungiselelo lwezibuko, ezifana nokugcinwa kwempahla, iinkonzo zokusasaza, njl.njl., ukuqinisekisa ukuba zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zolungiselelo.

6. Ukuxinana kweenqanawa

Ukuxinana:

Amanye amazibuko amakhulu (afana neShanghai kunye neShenzhen) anokufumana ukuxinana ngexesha leeyure. Ukukhetha izibuko elinezithuthi ezimtyibilizi kunokuthintela ukulibaziseka okubangelwa kukuxinana.

7. Imigaqo-nkqubo nemigaqo

Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo: Amanye amazibuko anokonwabela inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo okhethekileyo okanye imigaqo-nkqubo ekhethwayo, njengemigaqo-nkqubo yendawo yorhwebo lwasimahla, ukucuthwa kwerhafu, njl.

Imimiselo yokusingqongileyo: Qinisekisa ukuba i-port ekhethiweyo ihambelana nemimiselo yendalo ukuphepha iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezibangelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo yendalo.

Isishwankathelo samazibuko amakhulu enqanawa eTshayina:

Izibuko laseShanghai

Elona zibuko likhulu laseTshayina, libekwe phakathi kwezona ziphezulu kwihlabathi, elinamaziko ahambele phambili kunye nothungelwano olubanzi lweendlela.

Izibuko laseShenzhen

Kubandakanya iYantian Port, Shekou Port, njl.

Izibuko laseNingbo

Izibuko elibalulekileyo kummandla we-Yangtze River Delta, elinomthamo olomeleleyo wokuthuthwa kweenqanawa kunye neendlela ezibanzi zamazwe ngamazwe.

Izibuko laseGuangzhou

Izibuko elibalulekileyo kwi-Pearl River Delta, ekhonza imarike esemazantsi kunye ne-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia.

Izibuko laseQingdao

Izibuko elikhulu elijonge kuMntla-mpuma Asia, elinamaziko ahambele phambili kunye nothungelwano olubanzi lweendlela.

Izibuko laseTianjin

Izibuko laseAmajor emantla, lisebenzela uMntla weTshayina kunye neemarike zaseMntla-mpuma.

Ukuthathela ingqalelo le miba ingasentla, ungakhetha elona zibuko lifanelekileyo ukwandisa iindleko zakho zolungiselelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Isebenza njani inqanawa yolwandle: inkqubo epheleleyo ichaziwe?