UThutho eziNdleleni

UThutho eziNdleleni kukuhanjiswa kweempahla ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye ngendlela. Izothutho ezindleleni zikwafuna utyalo-mali oluncinane kakhulu kwaye iindlela zingabizi kakhulu ukwakha, ukusebenza kunye nokuzilungisa kunomzila kaloliwe. Iilori ezahlukeneyo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini ahlukeneyo ukuthutha iimpahla kwihlabathi liphela.

Uthutho lwendlela (ekwabizwa ngokuba luthutho lwasemhlabeni) luneenzuzo ezininzi kwishishini lezothutho kunye nelothutho:

UKUBA bhetyebhetye OKUPHEZULU:

Ukuthuthwa kweendlela kunokuhamba ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo ekuya kuyo, ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa ngeendlela ezimiselweyo zothutho ezifana nomzila wesitimela kunye neenqwelomoya, kwaye zifanelekile ukuhamba okufutshane kunye nokuhamba okude kunye nokude. Iyakwazi nokuhlengahlengisa indlela ukuphepha ukuxinana kweemoto okanye ukuphendula kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.

INKONZO YOMNYANGO NGEMNYANGO:

Uthutho lwendlela lubonelela ngenkonzo 'kwindlu ngendlu', ecutha amakhonkco okulayisha kunye nokothula, inciphisa umngcipheko womonakalo wempahla, kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwezothutho.

NGOXELELEKO IINDLEKO EZINGAPHANTSI:

Xa kuthelekiswa nothutho lomoya, uthutho ezindleleni lunoqoqosho ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwezothutho lomgama omfutshane. Ayifuni iziseko zophuhliso ezintsonkothileyo kwaye ineendleko eziphantsi zogcino.

NGOXELELEKO IINDLEKO EZINGAPHANTSI:

Xa kuthelekiswa nothutho lomoya, uthutho ezindleleni lunoqoqosho ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwezothutho lomgama omfutshane. Ayifuni iziseko zophuhliso ezintsonkothileyo kwaye ineendleko eziphantsi zogcino.

UKUZIqhelanisa:

Uthutho lwendlela lufanelekile kuzo zonke iintlobo zempahla, kubandakanywa iimpahla ezinqabileyo, iimpahla ezinobungozi, iimpahla ezifakwe efrijini, njl.

I-SPEED:

Ukuthutha umgama omfutshane, ukuthuthwa kwendlela ngokuqhelekileyo yindlela ekhawulezayo kwaye inokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimfuno zabathengi, ngokukodwa kwiimeko ezithintekayo ngexesha.

UKUFIKELELA:

Uthungelwano lwezothutho lwendlela lubanzi kwaye lunokufikelela phantse kuyo nayiphi na indawo ehlala abantu, eyenza ukuthuthwa kwempahla kwiindawo ezikude ezingenakufikeleleka kwezinye iindlela zothutho.

IXESHA ELIPHEZULU:

Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwezothutho ezindleleni, ukuhamba rhoqo kwezothutho kuphezulu, okufanelekileyo ngokukodwa kumashishini afuna ukuhamba rhoqo kweebhetshi ezincinci.

ETSHAYINA-EYUROPE IXESHA LOKUTHUTHA IZITHETHO

Ixesha elithathwayo ukuhambisa ngenqanawa ukuya eYurophu kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezithile, ezifana nemvelaphi, indawo ekuyiwa kuyo, indlela yokuthumela ngenqanawa, uhlobo lwempahla, kunye nokukhutshwa. Apha ngezantsi luqikelelo lwexesha lokuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwimimandla emikhulu yaseYurophu:

China ukuya kuMbindi Yurophu

Ukuhanjiswa kwendlela ukuya kumazwe aseMpuma Yurophu (afana neRashiya neHungary) ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iintsuku eziyi-13-18. Xa kuthelekiswa noMbindi Yurophu, umgama usondele kancinane, kwaye inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwezithethe kunye nenkqubo yokudluliselwa kwezinto ilula.

China ukuya eMpuma Yurophu

Ukuhanjiswa kwendlela ukuya kumazwe aseMpuma Yurophu (afana neRashiya neHungary) ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iintsuku eziyi-13-18. Xa kuthelekiswa noMbindi Yurophu, umgama usondele kancinane, kwaye inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwezithethe kunye nenkqubo yokudluliselwa kwezinto ilula.

China ukuya eNtshona Yurophu

Ukuthunyelwa kweendlela kumazwe aseNtshona Yurophu (njengeFransi, iNetherlands, iBelgium, njl.) Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha ixesha elide, malunga neentsuku ze-23-27, kuba kufuneka kudlule amazwe amaninzi kunye nemida.

IMILINGANISELO YOTHUTHO LWEINDLELA ZAMAZWE

Ixabiso lokuthumela ngenqanawa ezindleleni lichatshazelwa zizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya le miba ilandelayo:

Umgama wezothutho:

Inani leekhilomitha ezihanjiswayo yeyona nto iphambili emisela ixabiso. Okukhona umgama omde, kokukhona ixabiso lepetroli liphezulu, ukugcinwa kwesithuthi, imirhumo yomqhubi, njl. njl., okukhokelela ekwenyukeni kweendleko zothutho.

Uhlobo lomthwalo:

Ubume bomthwalo bunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwixabiso. Ngokomzekelo, imithwalo ebuthathaka, eyingozi, okanye efrijini idla ngokufuna ukuphathwa okukhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo, nto leyo eyandisa iindleko zokuthumela.

Ubunzima bomthwalo kunye nomthamo:

Ubunzima kunye nomthamo womthwalo umisela uhlobo kunye nenani leenqwelo ezifunekayo zokuthutha. Umthwalo ogqithisiweyo okanye ogqithisiweyo unokufuna iimvume ezikhethekileyo okanye izithuthi ezikhethekileyo, ezinokunyusa iindleko zokuhamba.

Ixabiso lesibaso:

Ixabiso lamafutha ngumba obalulekileyo ochaphazela iindleko zothutho ezindleleni. Ukuhla kwamaxabiso epetroli kuchaphazela ngqo iindleko zothutho, ngakumbi kwezothutho lomgama omde.

Iintlawulo kunye neerhafu:

Uthutho kwiindlela zamazwe ngamazwe lubandakanya uthutho olunqumla imida. Iintlawulo, iirhafu zokungenisa elizweni, irhafu eyongeziweyo kunye nezinye iirhafu ziya kuchaphazela iindleko zothutho zizonke.

Imirhumo kunye neentlawulo zebhulorho:

Kwamanye amazwe okanye imimandla, uthutho lwendlela lufuna ukuhlawulwa kwee-toll, ii-bridge tolls okanye iitonela, eziya kubandakanywa kwiindleko zokuthutha zizonke.

Imida kunye nezithethe:

Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kubandakanya ukutshekishwa kwemida kunye neenkqubo zokukhutshwa kwempahla, ezinokuthi zongeze iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezifana neentlawulo zokuhlanjululwa kwempahla, iimali zokulungisa amaxwebhu, kunye neemali zokulibaziseka.

Iimfuno zexesha lokuthumela ngenqanawe:

Ukuba umthengi unezidingo zothutho olungxamisekileyo kwaye ufuna ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokukhawuleza, ixabiso linokwenyuka.

Ixesha lonyaka:

Ngamaxesha athile onyaka okanye iiholide, ukunyuka kwemfuno yezothutho okanye iimeko zemozulu ezimbi kunokukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zokuhamba.

Iindleko ze-inshurensi:

Ukuze kuncitshiswe imingcipheko enokubakho ngexesha lothutho, abathumeli abaninzi baya kukhetha ukuthenga i-inshurensi yezothutho, kwaye iindleko ze-inshorensi nazo ziyinxalenye yeendleko zothutho.

Ubukho bezithuthi kunye nabaqhubi:

Ngexesha lothutho oluphezulu, ukubonelela kunye nokufunwa kwezithuthi kunye nabaqhubi kunokubangela ukuhla kwamaxabiso. Ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi okanye ubunzima ekuthumeleni izithuthi
kuya kwandisa iindleko.

IIMFUNO ZEMILINGANISELO YEZITHUTHO ENDLELA

Iimfuno zobungakanani bothutho lweendlela zamazwe ngamazwe ziyahluka ngokwelizwe, ummandla kunye nohlobo oluthile lwesithuthi sothutho, kodwa kukho ngokubanzi imigangatho esisiseko kunye nezithintelo:

Izithintelo zobungakanani bemoto

Ubude bemoto:

Ngokubanzi akukho ngaphezu kwe-16.5 m (54 ft) ukuya kwi-18.75 m (61.5 ft). Oku kubandakanya ubude obudibeneyo belori kunye nenqwelwana. Ububanzi besithuthi: Ngokuqhelekileyo bukhawulelwe kwi-2.55 m (8.37 ft). Ukuba iimpahla kufuneka zifakwe efrijini, ububanzi besithuthi esifakwe kwisikhenkcisi sinokwandiswa ukuya kwi-2.60 m (8.53 ft).

Umphakamo wemoto:

Amazwe amaninzi anciphisa oku kwiimitha ezi-4 (13.12 feet), kodwa amanye avumela izithuthi ezinde. Imithwalo ephezulu kakhulu inokufuna imvume ekhethekileyo.

Iimfuno zobungakanani bomthwalo

Ubungakanani bepallet esemgangathweni: 1200mm × 800mm (i-Euro pallet), iNorth America yi-1200mm × 1000mm. Palletized umthwalo ukulayishwa ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna umgama othile ukhuseleko kwilori.Ubungakanani isikhongozeli: ubukhulu eqhelekileyo 20 iinyawo (6.1 yeemitha) kunye 40 iinyawo (12.2 iimitha). Umphakamo wesikhongozeli ngokuqhelekileyo ziinyawo eziyi-8.5 (2.59 yeemitha) okanye iifithi eziyi-9.5 (iimitha eziyi-2.89, ikhabhathi ephezulu).

Umthwalo ogqithisiweyo

Ukuba ubungakanani okanye ubunzima bomthwalo bungaphezulu kwezibonelelo eziqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuqwalaselwa 'umthwalo ogqithisiweyo'. Ukuthuthwa kolu hlobo lomthwalo kufuna amalungiselelo akhethekileyo othutho kunye namaphepha-mvume, anokuthi abandakanye: Izithuthi ezikhethekileyo: ezifana nezirhudlana ezilayishayo ezisezantsi okanye iinqwelwana ezongeziweyo.

Ucwangciso lwendlela:

Ziphephe iibhulorho ezisezantsi, iindlela ezimxinwa okanye ezinye iindawo ezingahambekiyo zendlela.

Inkonzo yokukhapha:

Kwezinye iindawo, ukuthuthwa kwempahla enkulu kunokufuna isithuthi sokukhapha ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.

Ukuphela Kobunzima:

Umda womthwalo we-asi enye: Kudla ngokubakho umda kubunzima bomthwalo obuninzi nge-asi nganye, oxhomekeke kumthamo womthwalo wendlela kunye nodidi lwesithuthi. Ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kweetoni ezi-8 kunye ne-12. Umda wobunzima obunzima: Ubunzima belori (kuquka imithwalo, i-fuel, umqhubi, njl.) ngokuqhelekileyo abudluli iitoni ezingama-40 ukuya kwezingama-44, kodwa kwamanye amazwe okanye phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ubunzima obuphezulu buvunyelwe.

Imithetho nemigangatho:

Amazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla ingaba nemithetho kunye nemigangatho yayo, echaza imimiselo eneenkcukacha malunga nemilinganiselo yesithuthi, imilinganiselo yemithwalo, ubunzima, njl. Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, kubalulekile ukuqonda kunye nokuthobela imigaqo ethile yelizwe ekusingwa kulo.